Codes & standard
·
NFPA ( National Fire
Protection Association )
·
BS 5839 ( British
Standard )
·
VDS ( Germany)
System types:
·
Addressable system
·
Conventional system
·
Wireless system
Addressable System
Components:
-
Smoke Detector
·
2 types (optical smoke
detector & ionization smoke detector ( not used now) )
·
Located at
§ all rooms, halls, storage areas, basements, attics, elevator, shafts,
enclosed stairways, dumbwaiter shafts, and chutes.
§
Cover area with raduis ( r=
5m ) toatal area equal πr
square = 80 meter square.
-
Heat detector
·
2 types ( fixed heat
detector & rate of rise heat detector)
·
Located at:
§
generator room, Kitchen
& Boiler room.
§
Cover area with radius ( r=
4m ) total area equal πr
square = 50 meter square.
-
Multi-sensor ( smoke
& heat ) detector
·
Locate at: ( electrical,
communication, mechanical & control )rooms
-
Flame detector
·
2 types ( Ulta-Violet UV
& Infra Red)
·
Locate at:
§
petrol station &
workshop nearest to source of flame
-
Beam detector
·
Consists of transmitter ( T ) and receiver ( R ),
Located at wide open plan areas
-
Gas detector
·
Located at Kitchen nearest
to source of gas
-
Carbon Monoxide detector
·
Located at place that may
be contain co gas as garage area
-
Duct smoke detector
·
Located at HVAC duct at
return & supply
-
Manual station
·
Locate at:
§
Entry/Exit doors, at corridors every 61 m at height not less than 1.1 m and not more than 1.37 above
floor level as per NFPA requirements
-
Fault Isolator
·
Located very 20 device
inside fire loop to make loop continue working in case of any short circuit in
the loop
-
Control module
·
Used to control exhaust
fan’s,Air Handling Units ( AHU’S),Elevators...............
-
Monitor Module
·
Used to monitor fIre
fighting system as ( FM200, CO2..........)
-
Fire alarm repeater panel ( FARP)
·
Used to show faults as in
main fire alarm panel but no action can be taken from FARP, Located at any
floor beside counter areas
-
Types of alarms
·
May be audio / audio with strobe / strobe
-
Alarm devices
·
Bells
·
Horn speaker ( outdoor )
·
Evacuation with Strobe light
( Flasher )
-
Types of cable used in
fire alarm systems
·
Fire retardant cable till
105 ͦC
·
Fire resistance cable [ 750 ͦ
,950 ͦ,1050 ͦC]
·
Fire alarm cable must be Copper conductor (
retardant or resistance )with cross section
·
2 ( 1pair ) x 1.5 mm( cable
cross section )
·
Cable cross section depend
on number of device ,detector & loop length
-
Types of conduits used in fire alarm systems
·
PVC Conduits used in embedded
installation
·
EMT Conduits used in
Exposed installation
·
UPVC Conduits used in
outdoor installation
Fire Alarm Control Panel ( FACP ), Workstation & batteries
